D. Gross, J.J. Loftus, T.G. Lee, V.E. Gray

Measurements are reported of the smoke produced during both flaming and smoldering exposures on 141 aircraft interior materials. Smoke is reported in terms of specific optical density, dimensionless attenuation coefficient which defines the photometric obscuration produced by a quantity of smoke accumulated from a specimen of given thickness and unit surface area within a chamber of unit volume. A very wide range in the maximum specific optical density was observed. For the majority of materials, more smoke was produced during the flaming exposure test. However, certain materials produced significantly more smoke in the absence of open flaming.

During the smoke chamber tests, indications of the maximum concentration: of CO, Hct, HCN and other selected potentially toxic combustion products were obtained using commercial colorimetric detector tubes. A study was made of the operation, accuracy and limitations of the detector tubes used. Measurements of the concentrations of HC were also made using specific ion electrode techniques.

The elevated temperature thermal degradation of selected materials was studied in a number of ways including thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry.

Qualilative identification of the major components of the original test materials was accomplished primarily by infrared absorption spectrophotometry.

Of the materials tested, a number were found to possess good'heat stability properties, and did not generate large quantities of smoke or high concentrations of the combustion products selected for analysis.

D. Gross, J.J. Loftus, T.G. Lee, V.E. Gray

Measurement are reported of the smoke produced during both flaming and smoldering exposures on 141 aircraft interior materials. Smoke is reported in terms of specific optical density, a dimensionless attenuation coefficient which defines the photometric obscuration produced by a quantity of smoke accumulated from a specimen of given thickness and unit surface area within a chamber of unit volume. A very wide range in the maximum specific optical density was observed. For the majority of materials, more smoke was produced during the flaming exposure test. However, certain materials produced significantly more smoke in the absence of open flaming.

R.J. Elling

This study presents an analytical comparison of design approaches to incorporate an integral airborne cabin fire-suppressant system into the Lockheed L-1011 commercial transport airplane. The purpose of this study is to determine feasibility, establish weight penalties, and evaluate the actual requirements for incorporating such a system in response to customer request.

Two independent systems were evaluated: (1)Self contained modular unit, total flooding type fire suppressant system. (2)Ground-supplied, central distribution system.

Both systems are based on the dispensing of Freon as the fire suppressant agent from overhead dispersal type heads are uniformly distributed throughout the passenger cabin and associated critical compartments.

Neither a modular nor a centralized system, of the size and complexity required for the L-1011, has been operationally developed to date. Variable contingencies involved in the dynamic control of cabin air-flow versus agent concentrations maintained within human acceptable tolerances clearly indicates that continued research must be pursued to validate the performance of an acceptable system applicable to airplane fire conditions. It is recommended that an independent, readily installed/removable, fire protection system be developed to provide airplane protection during manufacture, maintenance, overhaul and unattended periods. This type system does not add airborne weight penalty to the airplane and provides installation flexibility with unlimited amount of agent supply (service carts).

S.R.M. Sinclair

This research has been concerned with a theoretical description of shock wave structure in gaseous mixtures when diffusive effects are important.

R.J. Prozan

Consideration of full striation effects is a necessary part of an accurate flow field analysis for liquid rocket engines. One of the tasks currently in use at Lockheed/Huntsville is a finite rate/mixing program designed for combustor analysis. An equilibrium solution capable of handling stream tubes operating at different oxidizer/fuel rations is necessary to provide realistic starting conditions for this finite-rate analysis. The program may also be used to give meaningful information concerning the consequences of introducing fuel striations from the performance standpoint.

A parametric study of the amount of fuel used for film cooling in a liquid oxygen/RP-1 combustion system is presented. The predictions are compared with F-1 engine data